chore: pre-release v0.4.0-dev

Co-authored-by: ZimengXiong <83783148+ZimengXiong@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # Start backend server in background
           cd backend
-          DATABASE_URL="file:${{ github.workspace }}/backend/prisma/e2e-test.db" FRONTEND_URL="http://localhost:5173" npm run dev &
+          DATABASE_URL="file:${{ github.workspace }}/backend/prisma/e2e-test.db" FRONTEND_URL="http://localhost:6767" npm run dev &
           BACKEND_PID=$!
           cd ..
           
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
           # Wait for frontend to be ready
           echo "Waiting for frontend server..."
           for i in {1..30}; do
-            if curl -s http://localhost:5173 > /dev/null; then
+            if curl -s http://localhost:6767 > /dev/null; then
               echo "Frontend is ready!"
               break
             fi

FORK.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Fork Summary
+
+This fork adds optional security features and UX improvements with **zero breaking changes** and **minimal migration overhead**. All security features are **disabled by default** via feature flags.
+
+## Security Features Added
+
+1. **Password Reset** - Token-based password reset flow (`/auth/password-reset-request`, `/auth/password-reset-confirm`)
+2. **Refresh Token Rotation** - Prevents token reuse by rotating refresh tokens on each use
+3. **Audit Logging** - Logs security events (logins, password changes, deletions) for compliance
+
+## UX Improvements Added
+
+1. **Profile Page** - View and edit personal information, change password (`/profile`)
+2. **Select All Button** - Quick selection of all drawings in current view
+3. **Sort Dropdown** - Improved sort controls with icons and separate direction toggle
+4. **Auto-hide Header** - Editor header auto-hides to maximize drawing space (with toggle)
+
+## Backward Compatibility
+
+✅ All security features disabled by default  
+✅ No breaking changes to existing code  
+✅ Graceful degradation (missing tables don't cause errors)  
+✅ Optional database migration  
+
+## Enable Security Features
+
+Set in `backend/.env`:
+```bash
+ENABLE_PASSWORD_RESET=true
+ENABLE_REFRESH_TOKEN_ROTATION=true
+ENABLE_AUDIT_LOGGING=true
+```
+
+Then run migration:
+```bash
+cd backend && npx prisma migrate deploy
+```
+
+## Migration Strategy
+
+**For base project:** Keep features disabled (default) - no migration needed, zero risk.
+
+**For this fork:** Enable features via environment variables when ready.
+
+## Database Changes
+
+Migration adds 3 optional tables (only used when features enabled):
+- `PasswordResetToken` - For password reset flow
+- `RefreshToken` - For token rotation tracking
+- `AuditLog` - For security event logging
+
+## Code Changes
+
+### Backend
+- Feature flags in `backend/src/config.ts`
+- Conditional logic in auth endpoints
+- Graceful error handling for missing tables
+- New endpoints: `/auth/profile` (PUT), `/auth/change-password` (POST)
+- Audit logging utility (`backend/src/utils/audit.ts`)
+
+### Frontend
+- Password reset pages (`/reset-password`, `/reset-password-confirm`)
+- Profile page (`/profile`)
+- Select All button in Dashboard
+- Sort dropdown with icons
+- Auto-hide header in Editor with toggle
+- Updated API client for token rotation
+
+All changes are backward compatible and optional.

RELEASE.md

@@ -1,43 +1,9 @@
-CSRF Protection (8a78b2b)
+Multi user setup is opt-in, single user by default
 
-  - Implemented comprehensive CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection for enhanced security
+Multi-user support for excalidash
-  - Added new backend/src/security.ts module for security utilities
+- Admin dashboard
-  - Frontend API layer now handles CSRF tokens automatically
+- Password reset, force user password reset (admin only), account lockout recovery
-  - Added integration tests for CSRF validation
+- Rate limits
 
-  Upload Progress Indicator (8f9b9b4)
+Deprecates .json and .sqlite database backups in favor of .excalidash archives (user scoped, prevents exporting of senstive information). Legacy import is maintained.
 
-  - Added a visual upload progress bar when users upload files
-  - New UploadContext for managing upload state across components
-  - New UploadStatus component displaying real-time upload progress
-  - Save status indicator when navigating back from the editor
-  - Improved error handling and recovery for failed uploads
-
-  Bug Fixes
-
-  - Fixed broken e2e tests (cae8f3c)
-  - Replaced deprecated substr() with substring()
-  - Fixed stale state issues in error handling
-  - Fixed missing useEffect dependencies
-  - Fixed CSS class conflicts in progress bar styling
-  - Added error recovery for save state in Editor
-
-  Infrastructure
-
-  - Updated docker-compose configurations with new environment variables
-  - E2E test suite improvements and reliability fixes
-  - Added Kubernetes deployment note in README
-
-### Kubernetes
-
-  A `CSRF_SECRET` environment variable is now required for CSRF protection. Generate a secure 32+ character random string:
-
-  ```bash
-  openssl rand -base64 32
-
-  Add it to your deployment:
-  - Docker Compose: Add CSRF_SECRET=<your-secret> to the backend service environment
-  - Kubernetes: Add to your ConfigMap/Secret and reference in the backend deployment
-
-  If not set, the backend will refuse to start.
-  ```

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.3.2
+0.4.0

backend/.env.example

@@ -3,3 +3,10 @@ PORT=8000
 NODE_ENV=production
 DATABASE_URL=file:/app/prisma/dev.db
 FRONTEND_URL=http://localhost:6767
+JWT_SECRET=change-this-secret-in-production-min-32-chars
+
+# Optional Feature Flags (all default to false for backward compatibility)
+# Set to "true" or "1" to enable:
+# ENABLE_PASSWORD_RESET=false
+# ENABLE_REFRESH_TOKEN_ROTATION=false
+# ENABLE_AUDIT_LOGGING=false

backend/package-lock.json

@@ -11,19 +11,30 @@
       "dependencies": {
         "@prisma/client": "^5.22.0",
         "@types/archiver": "^7.0.0",
+        "@types/bcrypt": "^6.0.0",
         "@types/jsdom": "^21.1.7",
+        "@types/jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.10",
+        "@types/ms": "^2.1.0",
         "@types/multer": "^2.0.0",
         "@types/socket.io": "^3.0.1",
+        "@types/uuid": "^10.0.0",
         "archiver": "^7.0.1",
+        "bcrypt": "^6.0.0",
         "better-sqlite3": "^12.4.6",
         "cors": "^2.8.5",
         "dompurify": "^3.3.0",
         "dotenv": "^17.2.3",
         "express": "^5.1.0",
+        "express-rate-limit": "^8.2.1",
+        "helmet": "^8.1.0",
         "jsdom": "^22.1.0",
+        "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.3",
+        "jszip": "^3.10.1",
+        "ms": "^2.1.3",
         "multer": "^2.0.2",
         "prisma": "^5.22.0",
         "socket.io": "^4.8.1",
+        "uuid": "^13.0.0",
         "zod": "^4.1.12"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -1001,6 +1012,15 @@
         "@types/readdir-glob": "*"
       }
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+    "node_modules/@types/bcrypt": {
+      "version": "6.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/bcrypt/-/bcrypt-6.0.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/node": "*"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/body-parser": {
       "version": "1.19.6",
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@@ -1101,6 +1121,16 @@
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+      "version": "9.0.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/jsonwebtoken/-/jsonwebtoken-9.0.10.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/ms": "*",
+        "@types/node": "*"
+      }
+    },
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/ms/-/ms-2.1.0.tgz",
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+    },
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@@ -1128,6 +1164,7 @@
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+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
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       }
@@ -1229,6 +1266,12 @@
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+    },
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@@ -1621,6 +1664,20 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bcrypt/-/bcrypt-6.0.0.tgz",
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+      "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
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@@ -1789,6 +1846,12 @@
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@@ -2219,9 +2282,9 @@
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@@ -2282,6 +2345,15 @@
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
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+      }
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+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "accepts": "^2.0.0",
         "body-parser": "^2.2.1",
@@ -2621,6 +2694,24 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/express"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/express-rate-limit": {
+      "version": "8.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express-rate-limit/-/express-rate-limit-8.2.1.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ip-address": "10.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/express-rate-limit"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "express": ">= 4.11"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/fast-fifo": {
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@@ -2955,6 +3046,15 @@
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+    "node_modules/helmet": {
+      "version": "8.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/helmet/-/helmet-8.1.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
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@@ -3053,6 +3153,12 @@
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       "license": "ISC"
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+      "engines": {
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@@ -3243,6 +3358,91 @@
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+    "node_modules/jsonwebtoken": {
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+      "dependencies": {
+        "jws": "^4.0.1",
+        "lodash.includes": "^4.3.0",
+        "lodash.isboolean": "^3.0.3",
+        "lodash.isinteger": "^4.0.4",
+        "lodash.isnumber": "^3.0.3",
+        "lodash.isplainobject": "^4.0.6",
+        "lodash.isstring": "^4.0.1",
+        "lodash.once": "^4.0.0",
+        "ms": "^2.1.1",
+        "semver": "^7.5.4"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12",
+        "npm": ">=6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/jszip": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jszip/-/jszip-3.10.1.tgz",
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+      "dependencies": {
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+        "pako": "~1.0.2",
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+      "dependencies": {
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+        "ecdsa-sig-formatter": "1.0.11",
+        "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
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@@ -3285,12 +3485,63 @@
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+    "node_modules/lie": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lie/-/lie-3.3.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "immediate": "~3.0.5"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/lodash": {
       "version": "4.17.23",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.23.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-LgVTMpQtIopCi79SJeDiP0TfWi5CNEc/L/aRdTh3yIvmZXTnheWpKjSZhnvMl8iXbC1tFg9gdHHDMLoV7CnG+w==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/lodash.includes": {
+      "version": "4.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.includes/-/lodash.includes-4.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-W3Bx6mdkRTGtlJISOvVD/lbqjTlPPUDTMnlXZFnVwi9NKJ6tiAk6LVdlhZMm17VZisqhKcgzpO5Wz91PCt5b0w==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/lodash.isboolean": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isboolean/-/lodash.isboolean-3.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Bz5mupy2SVbPHURB98VAcw+aHh4vRV5IPNhILUCsOzRmsTmSQ17jIuqopAentWoehktxGd9e/hbIXq980/1QJg==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/lodash.isinteger": {
+      "version": "4.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isinteger/-/lodash.isinteger-4.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DBwtEWN2caHQ9/imiNeEA5ys1JoRtRfY3d7V9wkqtbycnAmTvRRmbHKDV4a0EYc678/dia0jrte4tjYwVBaZUA==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/lodash.isnumber": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isnumber/-/lodash.isnumber-3.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QYqzpfwO3/CWf3XP+Z+tkQsfaLL/EnUlXWVkIk5FUPc4sBdTehEqZONuyRt2P67PXAk+NXmTBcc97zw9t1FQrw==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/lodash.isplainobject": {
+      "version": "4.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isplainobject/-/lodash.isplainobject-4.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oSXzaWypCMHkPC3NvBEaPHf0KsA5mvPrOPgQWDsbg8n7orZ290M0BmC/jgRZ4vcJ6DTAhjrsSYgdsW/F+MFOBA==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/lodash.isstring": {
+      "version": "4.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isstring/-/lodash.isstring-4.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0wJxfxH1wgO3GrbuP+dTTk7op+6L41QCXbGINEmD+ny/G/eCqGzxyCsh7159S+mgDDcoarnBw6PC1PS5+wUGgw==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/lodash.once": {
+      "version": "4.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.once/-/lodash.once-4.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Sb487aTOCr9drQVL8pIxOzVhafOjZN9UU54hiN8PU3uAiSV7lx1yYNpbNmex2PK6dSJoNTSJUUswT651yww3Mg==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/lru-cache": {
       "version": "10.4.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lru-cache/-/lru-cache-10.4.3.tgz",
@@ -3566,6 +3817,26 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/node-addon-api": {
+      "version": "8.5.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-addon-api/-/node-addon-api-8.5.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/bRZty2mXUIFY/xU5HLvveNHlswNJej+RnxBjOMkidWfwZzgTbPG1E3K5TOxRLOR+5hX7bSofy8yf1hZevMS8A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18 || ^20 || >= 21"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/node-gyp-build": {
+      "version": "4.8.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-gyp-build/-/node-gyp-build-4.8.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LA4ZjwlnUblHVgq0oBF3Jl/6h/Nvs5fzBLwdEF4nuxnFdsfajde4WfxtJr3CaiH+F6ewcIB/q4jQ4UzPyid+CQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "node-gyp-build": "bin.js",
+        "node-gyp-build-optional": "optional.js",
+        "node-gyp-build-test": "build-test.js"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/nodemon": {
       "version": "3.1.11",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nodemon/-/nodemon-3.1.11.tgz",
@@ -3669,6 +3940,12 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-UEZIS3/by4OC8vL3P2dTXRETpebLI2NiI5vIrjaD/5UtrkFX/tNbwjTSRAGC/+7CAo2pIcBaRgWmcBBHcsaCIw==",
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0"
     },
+    "node_modules/pako": {
+      "version": "1.0.11",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pako/-/pako-1.0.11.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4hLB8Py4zZce5s4yd9XzopqwVv/yGNhV1Bl8NTmCq1763HeK2+EwVTv+leGeL13Dnh2wfbqowVPXCIO0z4taYw==",
+      "license": "(MIT AND Zlib)"
+    },
     "node_modules/parse5": {
       "version": "7.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parse5/-/parse5-7.3.0.tgz",
@@ -3813,6 +4090,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-vtpjW3XuYCSnMsNVBjLMNkTj6OZbudcPPTPYHqX0CJfpcdWciI1dM8uHETwmDxxiqEwCIE6WvXucWUetJgfu/A==",
       "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@prisma/engines": "5.22.0"
       },
@@ -3893,9 +4171,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/qs": {
-      "version": "6.14.0",
+      "version": "6.14.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/qs/-/qs-6.14.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/qs/-/qs-6.14.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YWWTjgABSKcvs/nWBi9PycY/JiPJqOD4JA6o9Sej2AtvSGarXxKC3OQSk4pAarbdQlKAh5D4FCQkJNkW+GAn3w==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4EK3+xJl8Ts67nLYNwqw/dsFVnCf+qR7RgXSK9jEEm9unao3njwMDdmsdvoKBKHzxd7tCYz5e5M+SnMjdtXGQQ==",
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "side-channel": "^1.1.0"
@@ -4182,6 +4460,12 @@
         "node": ">= 18"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/setimmediate": {
+      "version": "1.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/setimmediate/-/setimmediate-1.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MATJdZp8sLqDl/68LfQmbP8zKPLQNV6BIZoIgrscFDQ+RsvK/BxeDQOgyxKKoh0y/8h3BqVFnCqQ/gd+reiIXA==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/setprototypeof": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/setprototypeof/-/setprototypeof-1.2.0.tgz",
@@ -4819,6 +5103,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-5gTmgEY/sqK6gFXLIsQNH19lWb4ebPDLA4SdLP7dsWkIXHWlG66oPuVvXSGFPppYZz8ZDZq0dYYrbHfBCVUb1Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=12"
       },
@@ -4977,6 +5262,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
@@ -5032,6 +5318,19 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-EPD5q1uXyFxJpCrLnCc1nHnq3gOa6DZBocAIiI2TaSCA7VCJ1UJDMagCzIkXNsUYfD1daK//LTEQ8xiIbrHtcw==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/uuid": {
+      "version": "13.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-13.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XQegIaBTVUjSHliKqcnFqYypAd4S+WCYt5NIeRs6w/UAry7z8Y9j5ZwRRL4kzq9U3sD6v+85er9FvkEaBpji2w==",
+      "funding": [
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/broofa",
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "uuid": "dist-node/bin/uuid"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/v8-compile-cache-lib": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/v8-compile-cache-lib/-/v8-compile-cache-lib-3.0.1.tgz",
@@ -5054,6 +5353,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-tI2l/nFHC5rLh7+5+o7QjKjSR04ivXDF4jcgV0f/bTQ+OJiITy5S6gaynVsEM+7RqzufMnVbIon6Sr5x1SDYaQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "esbuild": "^0.25.0",
         "fdir": "^6.5.0",
@@ -5147,6 +5447,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-5gTmgEY/sqK6gFXLIsQNH19lWb4ebPDLA4SdLP7dsWkIXHWlG66oPuVvXSGFPppYZz8ZDZq0dYYrbHfBCVUb1Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=12"
       },

backend/package.json

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "backend",
-  "version": "0.3.2",
+  "version": "0.4.0",
   "description": "",
   "main": "index.js",
   "scripts": {
+    "predev": "node scripts/predev-migrate.cjs",
     "dev": "nodemon src/index.ts",
+    "admin:recover": "node scripts/admin-recover.cjs",
     "test": "vitest run",
     "test:watch": "vitest",
     "test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage"
@@ -16,19 +18,30 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@prisma/client": "^5.22.0",
     "@types/archiver": "^7.0.0",
+    "@types/bcrypt": "^6.0.0",
     "@types/jsdom": "^21.1.7",
+    "@types/jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.10",
+    "@types/ms": "^2.1.0",
     "@types/multer": "^2.0.0",
     "@types/socket.io": "^3.0.1",
+    "@types/uuid": "^10.0.0",
     "archiver": "^7.0.1",
+    "bcrypt": "^6.0.0",
     "better-sqlite3": "^12.4.6",
     "cors": "^2.8.5",
     "dompurify": "^3.3.0",
     "dotenv": "^17.2.3",
     "express": "^5.1.0",
+    "express-rate-limit": "^8.2.1",
+    "helmet": "^8.1.0",
     "jsdom": "^22.1.0",
+    "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.3",
+    "jszip": "^3.10.1",
+    "ms": "^2.1.3",
     "multer": "^2.0.2",
     "prisma": "^5.22.0",
     "socket.io": "^4.8.1",
+    "uuid": "^13.0.0",
     "zod": "^4.1.12"
   },
   "devDependencies": {

backend/prisma/migrations/20260124145151_add_user_auth/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+-- NOTE:
+-- This migration assigns all pre-existing data to a bootstrap admin user so that
+-- upgrading an existing (non-empty) database doesn't fail and the data remains accessible.
+-- The bootstrap admin user starts inactive and must be activated via the app's
+-- initial registration flow.
+
+-- Constants
+-- Keep in sync with backend/src/auth.ts
+-- (SQLite doesn't support variables; we inline the values instead.)
+--   BOOTSTRAP_USER_ID = 'bootstrap-admin'
+--   BOOTSTRAP_LIBRARY_ID = 'user_bootstrap-admin'
+
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "User" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "username" TEXT,
+    "email" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "passwordHash" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "name" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "role" TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'USER',
+    "mustResetPassword" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    "isActive" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    "updatedAt" DATETIME NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "SystemConfig" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT 'default',
+    "registrationEnabled" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    "updatedAt" DATETIME NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- Bootstrap state:
+-- - Insert a singleton config row (registration disabled by default)
+-- - Insert an inactive bootstrap admin user and assign all existing data to it
+INSERT INTO "SystemConfig" ("id", "registrationEnabled", "createdAt", "updatedAt")
+VALUES ('default', false, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
+
+INSERT INTO "User" ("id", "username", "email", "passwordHash", "name", "role", "mustResetPassword", "isActive", "createdAt", "updatedAt")
+VALUES ('bootstrap-admin', NULL, 'bootstrap@excalidash.local', '', 'Bootstrap Admin', 'ADMIN', true, false, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
+
+-- RedefineTables
+PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys=ON;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+CREATE TABLE "new_Collection" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "name" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "userId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    "updatedAt" DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT "Collection_userId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("userId") REFERENCES "User" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
+);
+INSERT INTO "new_Collection" ("createdAt", "id", "name", "userId", "updatedAt")
+SELECT "createdAt", "id", "name", 'bootstrap-admin', "updatedAt" FROM "Collection";
+DROP TABLE "Collection";
+ALTER TABLE "new_Collection" RENAME TO "Collection";
+CREATE TABLE "new_Drawing" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "name" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "elements" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "appState" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "files" TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    "preview" TEXT,
+    "version" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    "userId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "collectionId" TEXT,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    "updatedAt" DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT "Drawing_userId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("userId") REFERENCES "User" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
+    CONSTRAINT "Drawing_collectionId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("collectionId") REFERENCES "Collection" ("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE
+);
+INSERT INTO "new_Drawing" ("appState", "collectionId", "createdAt", "elements", "files", "id", "name", "preview", "userId", "updatedAt", "version")
+SELECT "appState", "collectionId", "createdAt", "elements", "files", "id", "name", "preview", 'bootstrap-admin', "updatedAt", "version" FROM "Drawing";
+DROP TABLE "Drawing";
+ALTER TABLE "new_Drawing" RENAME TO "Drawing";
+CREATE TABLE "new_Library" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "items" TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]',
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    "updatedAt" DATETIME NOT NULL
+);
+-- Migrate the singleton library to the bootstrap user's library key.
+INSERT INTO "new_Library" ("createdAt", "id", "items", "updatedAt")
+SELECT "createdAt", 'user_bootstrap-admin', "items", "updatedAt" FROM "Library" WHERE "id" = 'default';
+DROP TABLE "Library";
+ALTER TABLE "new_Library" RENAME TO "Library";
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
+PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys=OFF;
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "User_email_key" ON "User"("email");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "User_username_key" ON "User"("username");

backend/prisma/migrations/20260124152839_add_password_reset_audit_refresh_tokens/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "PasswordResetToken" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "userId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "token" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "expiresAt" DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    "used" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    CONSTRAINT "PasswordResetToken_userId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("userId") REFERENCES "User" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "RefreshToken" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "userId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "token" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "expiresAt" DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    "revoked" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    CONSTRAINT "RefreshToken_userId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("userId") REFERENCES "User" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "AuditLog" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    "userId" TEXT,
+    "action" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "resource" TEXT,
+    "ipAddress" TEXT,
+    "userAgent" TEXT,
+    "details" TEXT,
+    "createdAt" DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    CONSTRAINT "AuditLog_userId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("userId") REFERENCES "User" ("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PasswordResetToken_token_key" ON "PasswordResetToken"("token");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "RefreshToken_token_key" ON "RefreshToken"("token");

backend/prisma/migrations/20260206173000_add_auth_enabled_system_config/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-- Add authEnabled flag to SystemConfig to support single-user mode by default.
+
+-- SQLite supports simple ADD COLUMN for non-null with default.
+ALTER TABLE "SystemConfig" ADD COLUMN "authEnabled" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
+

backend/prisma/migrations/20260206195000_add_auth_login_rate_limit_config/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-- AlterTable
+ALTER TABLE "SystemConfig" ADD COLUMN "authLoginRateLimitEnabled" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1;
+ALTER TABLE "SystemConfig" ADD COLUMN "authLoginRateLimitWindowMs" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 900000;
+ALTER TABLE "SystemConfig" ADD COLUMN "authLoginRateLimitMax" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 20;
+

backend/prisma/migrations/20260207000000_add_query_indexes/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- Improve dashboard query performance for user-scoped collection and drawing listings.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "Collection_userId_updatedAt_idx"
+ON "Collection" ("userId", "updatedAt");
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "Drawing_userId_updatedAt_idx"
+ON "Drawing" ("userId", "updatedAt");
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "Drawing_userId_collectionId_updatedAt_idx"
+ON "Drawing" ("userId", "collectionId", "updatedAt");

backend/prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -12,12 +12,45 @@ datasource db {
   url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
 }
 
+model User {
+  id                  String              @id @default(uuid())
+  username            String?             @unique
+  email               String              @unique
+  passwordHash        String
+  name                String
+  role                String              @default("USER")
+  mustResetPassword   Boolean             @default(false)
+  isActive            Boolean             @default(true)
+  drawings            Drawing[]
+  collections         Collection[]
+  passwordResetTokens PasswordResetToken[]
+  refreshTokens       RefreshToken[]
+  auditLogs           AuditLog[]
+  createdAt           DateTime            @default(now())
+  updatedAt           DateTime            @updatedAt
+}
+
+model SystemConfig {
+  id                         String   @id @default("default")
+  authEnabled                Boolean  @default(false)
+  registrationEnabled        Boolean  @default(false)
+  authLoginRateLimitEnabled  Boolean  @default(true)
+  authLoginRateLimitWindowMs Int      @default(900000) // 15 minutes
+  authLoginRateLimitMax      Int      @default(20)
+  createdAt                  DateTime @default(now())
+  updatedAt                  DateTime @updatedAt
+}
+
 model Collection {
   id        String    @id @default(uuid())
   name      String
+  userId    String
+  user      User      @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   drawings  Drawing[]
   createdAt DateTime  @default(now())
   updatedAt DateTime  @updatedAt
+
+  @@index([userId, updatedAt])
 }
 
 model Drawing {
@@ -28,15 +61,52 @@ model Drawing {
   files        String      @default("{}") // Stored as JSON string
   preview      String? // SVG string for thumbnail
   version      Int         @default(1)
+  userId       String
+  user         User        @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   collectionId String?
   collection   Collection? @relation(fields: [collectionId], references: [id])
   createdAt    DateTime    @default(now())
   updatedAt    DateTime    @updatedAt
+
+  @@index([userId, updatedAt])
+  @@index([userId, collectionId, updatedAt])
 }
 
 model Library {
-  id        String   @id @default("default") // Singleton pattern - use "default" ID
+  id        String   @id // User-specific library ID (e.g., "user_<userId>")
   items     String   @default("[]") // Stored as JSON string array of library items
   createdAt DateTime @default(now())
   updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
 }
+
+model PasswordResetToken {
+  id        String   @id @default(uuid())
+  userId    String
+  user      User     @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  token     String   @unique
+  expiresAt DateTime
+  used      Boolean  @default(false)
+  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
+}
+
+model RefreshToken {
+  id        String   @id @default(uuid())
+  userId    String
+  user      User     @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  token     String   @unique
+  expiresAt DateTime
+  revoked   Boolean  @default(false)
+  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
+}
+
+model AuditLog {
+  id        String   @id @default(uuid())
+  userId    String?
+  user      User?    @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: SetNull)
+  action    String   // e.g., "login", "login_failed", "password_reset", "password_changed", "drawing_deleted"
+  resource  String?  // e.g., "drawing:123", "collection:456"
+  ipAddress String?
+  userAgent String?
+  details   String?  // JSON string for additional details
+  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
+}

backend/scripts/admin-recover.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * CLI admin password recovery for ExcaliDash.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   node scripts/admin-recover.cjs --identifier admin@example.com --password "NewStrongPassword!"
+ *   node scripts/admin-recover.cjs --identifier admin@example.com --generate
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ * - Works with SQLite DATABASE_URL (default: file:./prisma/dev.db).
+ * - Sets the password hash and clears mustResetPassword by default.
+ * - If there are no active admins, this script can promote the target user to ADMIN.
+ */
+
+require("dotenv").config();
+
+const path = require("path");
+process.env.DATABASE_URL =
+  process.env.DATABASE_URL ||
+  `file:${path.resolve(__dirname, "../prisma/dev.db")}`;
+
+const { PrismaClient } = require("../src/generated/client");
+const bcrypt = require("bcrypt");
+
+const parseArgs = (argv) => {
+  const args = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < argv.length; i += 1) {
+    const token = argv[i];
+    if (!token.startsWith("--")) continue;
+    const key = token.slice(2);
+    const next = argv[i + 1];
+    if (!next || next.startsWith("--")) {
+      args[key] = true;
+    } else {
+      args[key] = next;
+      i += 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return args;
+};
+
+const generatePassword = () => {
+  // 24 chars base64url-ish
+  const buf = require("crypto").randomBytes(18);
+  return buf.toString("base64").replace(/[+/=]/g, "").slice(0, 24);
+};
+
+const main = async () => {
+  const args = parseArgs(process.argv.slice(2));
+
+  const identifier = typeof args.identifier === "string" ? args.identifier.trim() : "";
+  const providedPassword = typeof args.password === "string" ? args.password : null;
+  const generate = Boolean(args.generate);
+  const setMustReset = Boolean(args["must-reset"]);
+  const activate = Boolean(args.activate);
+  const promote = Boolean(args.promote);
+  const disableLoginRateLimit = Boolean(args["disable-login-rate-limit"]);
+
+  if (!identifier) {
+    console.error("Missing --identifier (email or username).");
+    process.exitCode = 2;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let newPassword = providedPassword;
+  if (!newPassword) {
+    if (!generate) {
+      console.error('Provide --password "<new password>" or pass --generate.');
+      process.exitCode = 2;
+      return;
+    }
+    newPassword = generatePassword();
+  }
+
+  if (newPassword.length < 8) {
+    console.error("Password must be at least 8 characters.");
+    process.exitCode = 2;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const prisma = new PrismaClient();
+
+  try {
+    const activeAdminCount = await prisma.user.count({
+      where: { role: "ADMIN", isActive: true },
+    });
+
+    const trimmed = identifier.toLowerCase();
+    const user = await prisma.user.findFirst({
+      where: {
+        OR: [{ email: trimmed }, { username: identifier }],
+      },
+      select: {
+        id: true,
+        email: true,
+        username: true,
+        role: true,
+        isActive: true,
+        mustResetPassword: true,
+      },
+    });
+
+    if (!user) {
+      console.error("User not found:", identifier);
+      process.exitCode = 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const shouldPromote = promote || activeAdminCount === 0;
+
+    if (user.role !== "ADMIN" && !shouldPromote) {
+      console.error("Target user is not an ADMIN. Refusing to reset password for non-admin user.");
+      console.error("Tip: pass --promote to promote this user to ADMIN, or use it only when there are 0 active admins.");
+      process.exitCode = 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const saltRounds = 10;
+    const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(newPassword, saltRounds);
+
+    if (disableLoginRateLimit) {
+      await prisma.systemConfig.upsert({
+        where: { id: "default" },
+        update: { authLoginRateLimitEnabled: false },
+        create: {
+          id: "default",
+          authEnabled: true,
+          registrationEnabled: false,
+          authLoginRateLimitEnabled: false,
+          authLoginRateLimitWindowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000,
+          authLoginRateLimitMax: 20,
+        },
+      });
+    }
+
+    const updated = await prisma.user.update({
+      where: { id: user.id },
+      data: {
+        passwordHash,
+        mustResetPassword: setMustReset ? true : false,
+        isActive: activate ? true : user.isActive,
+        role: shouldPromote ? "ADMIN" : user.role,
+      },
+      select: {
+        id: true,
+        email: true,
+        username: true,
+        role: true,
+        isActive: true,
+        mustResetPassword: true,
+      },
+    });
+
+    console.log("Updated admin account:");
+    console.log(`- id: ${updated.id}`);
+    console.log(`- email: ${updated.email}`);
+    console.log(`- username: ${updated.username || ""}`);
+    console.log(`- isActive: ${updated.isActive}`);
+    console.log(`- mustResetPassword: ${updated.mustResetPassword}`);
+    console.log(`- role: ${updated.role}`);
+    if (disableLoginRateLimit) {
+      console.log("");
+      console.log("Login rate limiting: DISABLED (SystemConfig.authLoginRateLimitEnabled=false).");
+      console.log("Remember to re-enable it from the Admin dashboard after you regain access.");
+    }
+    if (generate || !providedPassword) {
+      console.log("");
+      console.log("New password:");
+      console.log(newPassword);
+    } else {
+      console.log("");
+      console.log("Password updated.");
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await prisma.$disconnect().catch(() => {});
+  }
+};
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error("Admin recovery failed:", err);
+  process.exitCode = 1;
+});

backend/scripts/predev-migrate.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/* eslint-disable no-console */
+const { execSync } = require("child_process");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+
+const backendRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, "..");
+
+const resolveDatabaseUrl = (rawUrl) => {
+  const defaultDbPath = path.resolve(backendRoot, "prisma/dev.db");
+
+  if (!rawUrl || String(rawUrl).trim().length === 0) {
+    return `file:${defaultDbPath}`;
+  }
+
+  if (!String(rawUrl).startsWith("file:")) {
+    return String(rawUrl);
+  }
+
+  const filePath = String(rawUrl).replace(/^file:/, "");
+  const prismaDir = path.resolve(backendRoot, "prisma");
+  const normalizedRelative = filePath.replace(/^\.\/?/, "");
+  const hasLeadingPrismaDir =
+    normalizedRelative === "prisma" || normalizedRelative.startsWith("prisma/");
+
+  const absolutePath = path.isAbsolute(filePath)
+    ? filePath
+    : path.resolve(hasLeadingPrismaDir ? backendRoot : prismaDir, normalizedRelative);
+
+  return `file:${absolutePath}`;
+};
+
+const databaseUrl = resolveDatabaseUrl(process.env.DATABASE_URL);
+process.env.DATABASE_URL = databaseUrl;
+
+const nodeEnv = process.env.NODE_ENV || "development";
+
+const runCapture = (cmd) => {
+  try {
+    const stdout = execSync(cmd, {
+      cwd: backendRoot,
+      encoding: "utf8",
+      stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+      env: { ...process.env, DATABASE_URL: databaseUrl },
+    });
+    return { ok: true, stdout: stdout || "", stderr: "" };
+  } catch (error) {
+    const err = error;
+    const stderr =
+      err && err.stderr
+        ? Buffer.isBuffer(err.stderr)
+          ? err.stderr.toString("utf8")
+          : String(err.stderr)
+        : "";
+    const stdout =
+      err && err.stdout
+        ? Buffer.isBuffer(err.stdout)
+          ? err.stdout.toString("utf8")
+          : String(err.stdout)
+        : "";
+    return { ok: false, stdout, stderr, error: err };
+  }
+};
+
+const run = (cmd) => {
+  execSync(cmd, {
+    cwd: backendRoot,
+    stdio: "inherit",
+    env: { ...process.env, DATABASE_URL: databaseUrl },
+  });
+};
+
+const getDbFilePath = () => {
+  if (!databaseUrl.startsWith("file:")) return null;
+  return databaseUrl.replace(/^file:/, "");
+};
+
+const backupDbIfPresent = () => {
+  const dbPath = getDbFilePath();
+  if (!dbPath) return null;
+  if (!fs.existsSync(dbPath)) return null;
+
+  const dir = path.dirname(dbPath);
+  const base = path.basename(dbPath, path.extname(dbPath));
+  const stamp = new Date().toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-");
+  const backupPath = path.join(dir, `${base}.${stamp}.backup`);
+
+  fs.copyFileSync(dbPath, backupPath);
+  return backupPath;
+};
+
+const isNonProd = nodeEnv !== "production";
+const isFileDb = databaseUrl.startsWith("file:");
+
+const deploy = runCapture("npx prisma migrate deploy");
+if (deploy.ok) {
+  if (deploy.stdout) process.stdout.write(deploy.stdout);
+} else {
+  if (deploy.stdout) process.stdout.write(deploy.stdout);
+  if (deploy.stderr) process.stderr.write(deploy.stderr);
+
+  const stderr = deploy.stderr || "";
+  const isP3005 = stderr.includes("P3005");
+
+  // Common when an older dev.db exists but migrations weren't used previously.
+  if (isNonProd && isFileDb && isP3005) {
+    const backupPath = backupDbIfPresent();
+    console.warn(
+      `[predev] Prisma migrate baseline required (P3005). Resetting local SQLite database.\n` +
+        `  DATABASE_URL=${databaseUrl}\n` +
+        (backupPath ? `  Backup: ${backupPath}\n` : "") +
+        `  If you need to preserve local data, restore the backup and baseline manually.`,
+    );
+
+    run("npx prisma migrate reset --force --skip-seed");
+  } else {
+    throw deploy.error;
+  }
+}

backend/src/__tests__/drawings.integration.ts

@@ -315,10 +315,11 @@ describe("Security Sanitization - Image Data URLs", () => {
 // Database integration tests
 describe("Drawing API - Database Round-Trip", () => {
   const prisma = getTestPrisma();
+  let testUser: { id: string };
 
   beforeAll(async () => {
     setupTestDb();
-    await initTestDb(prisma);
+    testUser = await initTestDb(prisma);
   });
 
   afterAll(async () => {
@@ -343,6 +344,7 @@ describe("Drawing API - Database Round-Trip", () => {
         elements: JSON.stringify([]),
         appState: JSON.stringify({ viewBackgroundColor: "#ffffff" }),
         files: JSON.stringify(files),
+        userId: testUser.id,
       },
     });
     
@@ -381,6 +383,7 @@ describe("Drawing API - Database Round-Trip", () => {
         elements: JSON.stringify([]),
         appState: JSON.stringify({}),
         files: JSON.stringify(files),
+        userId: testUser.id,
       },
     });
     
@@ -404,6 +407,7 @@ describe("Drawing API - Database Round-Trip", () => {
         elements: JSON.stringify([]),
         appState: JSON.stringify({}),
         files: JSON.stringify({}),
+        userId: testUser.id,
       },
     });
     

backend/src/__tests__/imports-compat.integration.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import request from "supertest";
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+import os from "os";
+import { getTestPrisma, setupTestDb, cleanupTestDb } from "./testUtils";
+
+type LegacyDbOptions = {
+  tableStyle: "prisma" | "plural-lower";
+  includeCollections: boolean;
+  includeMigrationsTable: boolean;
+  includeTrashDrawing: boolean;
+};
+
+const createTempDir = () => fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "excalidash-legacy-"));
+
+const openWritableDb = (filePath: string): any => {
+  try {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
+    const { DatabaseSync } = require("node:sqlite") as any;
+    return new DatabaseSync(filePath, { enableForeignKeyConstraints: false });
+  } catch (_err) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
+    const Database = require("better-sqlite3") as any;
+    return new Database(filePath);
+  }
+};
+
+const createLegacySqliteDb = (opts: LegacyDbOptions): string => {
+  const dir = createTempDir();
+  const filePath = path.join(dir, "legacy-export.db");
+  const db = openWritableDb(filePath);
+
+  const tableDrawing = opts.tableStyle === "plural-lower" ? "drawings" : "Drawing";
+  const tableCollection = opts.tableStyle === "plural-lower" ? "collections" : "Collection";
+
+  try {
+    if (opts.includeCollections) {
+      db.exec(`
+        CREATE TABLE "${tableCollection}" (
+          id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+          name TEXT NOT NULL,
+          createdAt TEXT,
+          updatedAt TEXT
+        );
+      `);
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "${tableCollection}" (id, name, createdAt, updatedAt) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)`).run(
+        "legacy-collection-1",
+        "Legacy Collection",
+        new Date("2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z").toISOString(),
+        new Date("2024-01-02T00:00:00.000Z").toISOString(),
+      );
+    }
+
+    db.exec(`
+      CREATE TABLE "${tableDrawing}" (
+        id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+        name TEXT NOT NULL,
+        elements TEXT NOT NULL,
+        appState TEXT NOT NULL,
+        files TEXT,
+        preview TEXT,
+        version INTEGER,
+        collectionId TEXT,
+        collectionName TEXT,
+        createdAt TEXT,
+        updatedAt TEXT
+      );
+    `);
+
+    const now = new Date("2024-01-03T00:00:00.000Z").toISOString();
+    const insertDrawing = db.prepare(
+      `INSERT INTO "${tableDrawing}"
+        (id, name, elements, appState, files, preview, version, collectionId, collectionName, createdAt, updatedAt)
+        VALUES
+        (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`
+    );
+
+    insertDrawing.run(
+      "legacy-drawing-1",
+      "Legacy Drawing 1",
+      JSON.stringify([]),
+      JSON.stringify({}),
+      JSON.stringify({}),
+      null,
+      1,
+      opts.includeCollections ? "legacy-collection-1" : null,
+      opts.includeCollections ? "Legacy Collection" : null,
+      now,
+      now,
+    );
+
+    insertDrawing.run(
+      "legacy-drawing-2",
+      "Legacy Drawing 2 (unorganized)",
+      JSON.stringify([]),
+      JSON.stringify({}),
+      JSON.stringify({}),
+      null,
+      2,
+      null,
+      null,
+      now,
+      now,
+    );
+
+    if (opts.includeTrashDrawing) {
+      insertDrawing.run(
+        "legacy-drawing-trash",
+        "Legacy Trash Drawing",
+        JSON.stringify([]),
+        JSON.stringify({}),
+        JSON.stringify({}),
+        null,
+        1,
+        "trash",
+        "Trash",
+        now,
+        now,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (opts.includeMigrationsTable) {
+      db.exec(`
+        CREATE TABLE "_prisma_migrations" (
+          id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+          checksum TEXT NOT NULL,
+          finished_at TEXT,
+          migration_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+          logs TEXT,
+          rolled_back_at TEXT,
+          started_at TEXT NOT NULL,
+          applied_steps_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+        );
+      `);
+      db.prepare(
+        `INSERT INTO "_prisma_migrations"
+          (id, checksum, finished_at, migration_name, logs, rolled_back_at, started_at, applied_steps_count)
+          VALUES
+          (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`
+      ).run(
+        "m1",
+        "checksum",
+        new Date("2024-01-04T00:00:00.000Z").toISOString(),
+        "20240104000000_initial",
+        null,
+        null,
+        new Date("2024-01-04T00:00:00.000Z").toISOString(),
+        1,
+      );
+    }
+  } finally {
+    db.close();
+  }
+
+  return filePath;
+};
+
+describe("Import compatibility (legacy exports)", () => {
+  const uploadsDir = path.resolve(__dirname, "../../uploads");
+  const userAgent = "vitest-import-compat";
+  let prisma: ReturnType<typeof getTestPrisma>;
+  let app: any;
+  let csrfHeaderName: string;
+  let csrfToken: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    setupTestDb();
+    prisma = getTestPrisma();
+    fs.mkdirSync(uploadsDir, { recursive: true });
+
+    // Import the server AFTER DATABASE_URL is set by setupTestDb/getTestPrisma.
+    ({ app } = await import("../index"));
+
+    const csrfRes = await request(app).get("/csrf-token").set("User-Agent", userAgent);
+    csrfHeaderName = csrfRes.body.header;
+    csrfToken = csrfRes.body.token;
+    expect(typeof csrfHeaderName).toBe("string");
+    expect(typeof csrfToken).toBe("string");
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    await cleanupTestDb(prisma);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await prisma.$disconnect();
+  });
+
+  it("verifies a v0.1.x–v0.3.2-style SQLite export (Drawing/Collection tables) and returns migration info when present", async () => {
+    const legacyDb = createLegacySqliteDb({
+      tableStyle: "prisma",
+      includeCollections: true,
+      includeMigrationsTable: true,
+      includeTrashDrawing: false,
+    });
+
+    const res = await request(app)
+      .post("/import/sqlite/legacy/verify")
+      .set("User-Agent", userAgent)
+      .set(csrfHeaderName, csrfToken)
+      .attach("db", legacyDb);
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(res.body.valid).toBe(true);
+    expect(res.body.drawings).toBe(2);
+    expect(res.body.collections).toBe(1);
+    expect(res.body.latestMigration).toBe("20240104000000_initial");
+    expect(typeof res.body.currentLatestMigration === "string").toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("merge-imports a legacy SQLite export into the current account without replacing the database", async () => {
+    const legacyDb = createLegacySqliteDb({
+      tableStyle: "prisma",
+      includeCollections: true,
+      includeMigrationsTable: false,
+      includeTrashDrawing: true,
+    });
+
+    const res = await request(app)
+      .post("/import/sqlite/legacy")
+      .set("User-Agent", userAgent)
+      .set(csrfHeaderName, csrfToken)
+      .attach("db", legacyDb);
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(res.body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(res.body.collections?.created).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(res.body.drawings?.created).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3);
+
+    const importedDrawings = await prisma.drawing.findMany({
+      orderBy: { name: "asc" },
+      select: { id: true, name: true, collectionId: true, userId: true },
+    });
+
+    // In single-user mode, imports land on the bootstrap acting user.
+    expect(importedDrawings.every((d) => d.userId === "bootstrap-admin")).toBe(true);
+    expect(importedDrawings.map((d) => d.id)).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining(["legacy-drawing-1", "legacy-drawing-2", "legacy-drawing-trash"])
+    );
+
+    const trash = await prisma.collection.findUnique({ where: { id: "trash" } });
+    expect(trash).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it("supports older exports with plural/lowercase table names (drawings/collections)", async () => {
+    const legacyDb = createLegacySqliteDb({
+      tableStyle: "plural-lower",
+      includeCollections: true,
+      includeMigrationsTable: false,
+      includeTrashDrawing: false,
+    });
+
+    const verify = await request(app)
+      .post("/import/sqlite/legacy/verify")
+      .set("User-Agent", userAgent)
+      .set(csrfHeaderName, csrfToken)
+      .attach("db", legacyDb);
+
+    expect(verify.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(verify.body.drawings).toBe(2);
+    expect(verify.body.collections).toBe(1);
+
+    const res = await request(app)
+      .post("/import/sqlite/legacy")
+      .set("User-Agent", userAgent)
+      .set(csrfHeaderName, csrfToken)
+      .attach("db", legacyDb);
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(res.body.success).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("fails verification if the legacy DB is missing a Drawing table", async () => {
+    const dir = createTempDir();
+    const filePath = path.join(dir, "invalid.db");
+    const db = openWritableDb(filePath);
+    db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "NotDrawing" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL);`);
+    db.close();
+
+    const res = await request(app)
+      .post("/import/sqlite/legacy/verify")
+      .set("User-Agent", userAgent)
+      .set(csrfHeaderName, csrfToken)
+      .attach("db", filePath);
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(res.body.error).toBe("Invalid legacy DB");
+  });
+});

backend/src/__tests__/testUtils.ts

@@ -2,11 +2,53 @@
  * Test utilities for backend integration tests
  */
 import { PrismaClient } from "../generated/client";
+import fs from "fs";
 import path from "path";
 import { execSync } from "child_process";
 
-// Use a separate test database
+// Use a unique test database per test-file import to avoid cross-file contention
-const TEST_DB_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../../prisma/test.db");
+// when Vitest runs test files in parallel.
+const TEST_DB_FILENAME = `test.${process.pid}.${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2)}.db`;
+const TEST_DB_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../../prisma", TEST_DB_FILENAME);
+const DB_PUSH_LOCK_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../../prisma/.test-db-push.lock");
+
+const sleepSync = (ms: number) => {
+  const shared = new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(4));
+  Atomics.wait(shared, 0, 0, ms);
+};
+
+const withDbPushLock = (fn: () => void) => {
+  const start = Date.now();
+  let fd: number | null = null;
+  while (fd === null) {
+    try {
+      fd = fs.openSync(DB_PUSH_LOCK_PATH, "wx");
+      fs.writeFileSync(fd, String(process.pid));
+    } catch (error) {
+      const err = error as NodeJS.ErrnoException;
+      if (err.code !== "EEXIST") throw error;
+      if (Date.now() - start > 30_000) {
+        throw new Error("Timed out waiting for Prisma db push lock");
+      }
+      sleepSync(50);
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    fn();
+  } finally {
+    try {
+      fs.closeSync(fd);
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+    try {
+      fs.unlinkSync(DB_PUSH_LOCK_PATH);
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+  }
+};
 
 /**
  * Get a test Prisma client pointing to the test database
@@ -32,10 +74,19 @@ export const setupTestDb = () => {
   
   // Run Prisma migrations to create the test database
   try {
-    execSync("npx prisma db push --skip-generate", {
+    withDbPushLock(() => {
-      cwd: path.resolve(__dirname, "../../"),
+      execSync("npx prisma db push --skip-generate --force-reset", {
-      env: { ...process.env, DATABASE_URL: databaseUrl },
+        cwd: path.resolve(__dirname, "../../"),
-      stdio: "pipe",
+        env: {
+          ...process.env,
+          DATABASE_URL: databaseUrl,
+          // Work around Prisma schema engine failures on this repo's schema
+          // (seen as a blank "Schema engine error:" from `prisma db push`).
+          // `RUST_LOG=info` reliably avoids the failure mode.
+          RUST_LOG: "info",
+        },
+        stdio: "pipe",
+      });
     });
   } catch (error) {
     console.error("Failed to setup test database:", error);
@@ -54,19 +105,42 @@ export const cleanupTestDb = async (prisma: PrismaClient) => {
   });
 };
 
+/**
+ * Create a test user for testing
+ */
+export const createTestUser = async (prisma: PrismaClient, email: string = "test@example.com") => {
+  const bcrypt = require("bcrypt");
+  const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash("testpassword", 10);
+  
+  return await prisma.user.upsert({
+    where: { email },
+    update: {},
+    create: {
+      email,
+      passwordHash,
+      name: "Test User",
+    },
+  });
+};
+
 /**
  * Initialize test database with required data
  */
 export const initTestDb = async (prisma: PrismaClient) => {
+  // Create a test user first
+  const testUser = await createTestUser(prisma);
+  
   // Ensure Trash collection exists
   const trash = await prisma.collection.findUnique({
     where: { id: "trash" },
   });
   if (!trash) {
     await prisma.collection.create({
-      data: { id: "trash", name: "Trash" },
+      data: { id: "trash", name: "Trash", userId: testUser.id },
     });
   }
+  
+  return testUser;
 };
 
 /**

backend/src/__tests__/user-sandboxing.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/**
+ * Security tests for user data sandboxing
+ *
+ * Verifies that:
+ * 1. Drawings cache keys are scoped by userId (prevents cross-user data leakage)
+ * 2. Drawing CRUD operations enforce userId filtering
+ * 3. Collection operations enforce userId filtering
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import bcrypt from "bcrypt";
+import {
+  getTestPrisma,
+  setupTestDb,
+} from "./testUtils";
+import { PrismaClient } from "../generated/client";
+
+let prisma: PrismaClient;
+
+// These tests verify the data isolation logic at the database query level
+describe("User Data Sandboxing", () => {
+  let userA: { id: string; email: string };
+  let userB: { id: string; email: string };
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    setupTestDb();
+    prisma = getTestPrisma();
+
+    // Create two test users
+    const hashA = await bcrypt.hash("passwordA", 10);
+    const hashB = await bcrypt.hash("passwordB", 10);
+
+    userA = await prisma.user.upsert({
+      where: { email: "usera@test.com" },
+      update: {},
+      create: {
+        email: "usera@test.com",
+        passwordHash: hashA,
+        name: "User A",
+      },
+    });
+
+    userB = await prisma.user.upsert({
+      where: { email: "userb@test.com" },
+      update: {},
+      create: {
+        email: "userb@test.com",
+        passwordHash: hashB,
+        name: "User B",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await prisma.$disconnect();
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    await prisma.drawing.deleteMany({});
+    await prisma.collection.deleteMany({});
+  });
+
+  describe("Drawing isolation", () => {
+    it("should not return User A's drawings when querying as User B", async () => {
+      // Create a drawing for User A
+      await prisma.drawing.create({
+        data: {
+          name: "User A Drawing",
+          elements: "[]",
+          appState: "{}",
+          userId: userA.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      // Query as User B - should get 0 results
+      const userBDrawings = await prisma.drawing.findMany({
+        where: { userId: userB.id },
+      });
+
+      expect(userBDrawings).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it("should only return the owning user's drawings", async () => {
+      // Create drawings for both users
+      await prisma.drawing.create({
+        data: {
+          name: "User A Drawing",
+          elements: "[]",
+          appState: "{}",
+          userId: userA.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      await prisma.drawing.create({
+        data: {
+          name: "User B Drawing",
+          elements: "[]",
+          appState: "{}",
+          userId: userB.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      const userADrawings = await prisma.drawing.findMany({
+        where: { userId: userA.id },
+      });
+      const userBDrawings = await prisma.drawing.findMany({
+        where: { userId: userB.id },
+      });
+
+      expect(userADrawings).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(userADrawings[0].name).toBe("User A Drawing");
+
+      expect(userBDrawings).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(userBDrawings[0].name).toBe("User B Drawing");
+    });
+
+    it("should not allow User B to access User A's drawing by ID", async () => {
+      const drawing = await prisma.drawing.create({
+        data: {
+          name: "User A Secret Drawing",
+          elements: "[]",
+          appState: "{}",
+          userId: userA.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      // Simulate the findFirst query used in GET /drawings/:id
+      const result = await prisma.drawing.findFirst({
+        where: {
+          id: drawing.id,
+          userId: userB.id, // User B trying to access
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("Collection isolation", () => {
+    it("should not return User A's collections when querying as User B", async () => {
+      await prisma.collection.create({
+        data: {
+          name: "User A Collection",
+          userId: userA.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      const userBCollections = await prisma.collection.findMany({
+        where: { userId: userB.id },
+      });
+
+      expect(userBCollections).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it("should not allow User B to modify User A's collection", async () => {
+      const collection = await prisma.collection.create({
+        data: {
+          name: "User A Collection",
+          userId: userA.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      // Simulate the findFirst query used in PUT /collections/:id
+      const result = await prisma.collection.findFirst({
+        where: {
+          id: collection.id,
+          userId: userB.id,
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("Cache key user scoping", () => {
+    it("should generate different cache keys for different users with same query params", () => {
+      // This tests the buildDrawingsCacheKey function logic inline
+      // The function was updated to include userId in the cache key
+      const buildDrawingsCacheKey = (keyParts: {
+        userId: string;
+        searchTerm: string;
+        collectionFilter: string;
+        includeData: boolean;
+      }) =>
+        JSON.stringify([
+          keyParts.userId,
+          keyParts.searchTerm,
+          keyParts.collectionFilter,
+          keyParts.includeData ? "full" : "summary",
+        ]);
+
+      const keyA = buildDrawingsCacheKey({
+        userId: "user-a-id",
+        searchTerm: "",
+        collectionFilter: "default",
+        includeData: false,
+      });
+
+      const keyB = buildDrawingsCacheKey({
+        userId: "user-b-id",
+        searchTerm: "",
+        collectionFilter: "default",
+        includeData: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(keyA).not.toBe(keyB);
+    });
+
+    it("should generate same cache key for same user with same query params", () => {
+      const buildDrawingsCacheKey = (keyParts: {
+        userId: string;
+        searchTerm: string;
+        collectionFilter: string;
+        includeData: boolean;
+      }) =>
+        JSON.stringify([
+          keyParts.userId,
+          keyParts.searchTerm,
+          keyParts.collectionFilter,
+          keyParts.includeData ? "full" : "summary",
+        ]);
+
+      const key1 = buildDrawingsCacheKey({
+        userId: "same-user",
+        searchTerm: "test",
+        collectionFilter: "default",
+        includeData: true,
+      });
+
+      const key2 = buildDrawingsCacheKey({
+        userId: "same-user",
+        searchTerm: "test",
+        collectionFilter: "default",
+        includeData: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(key1).toBe(key2);
+    });
+  });
+});

backend/src/auth.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+import express, { Request, Response } from "express";
+import crypto from "crypto";
+import jwt, { SignOptions } from "jsonwebtoken";
+import ms, { type StringValue } from "ms";
+import { PrismaClient, Prisma } from "./generated/client";
+import { config } from "./config";
+import { requireAuth, optionalAuth } from "./middleware/auth";
+import { getCsrfTokenHeader, sanitizeText, validateCsrfToken } from "./security";
+import rateLimit, { MemoryStore } from "express-rate-limit";
+import { registerAccountRoutes } from "./auth/accountRoutes";
+import { registerAdminRoutes } from "./auth/adminRoutes";
+import { registerCoreRoutes } from "./auth/coreRoutes";
+
+interface JwtPayload {
+  userId: string;
+  email: string;
+  type: "access" | "refresh";
+  impersonatorId?: string;
+}
+
+const isJwtPayload = (decoded: unknown): decoded is JwtPayload => {
+  if (typeof decoded !== "object" || decoded === null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const payload = decoded as Record<string, unknown>;
+  return (
+    typeof payload.userId === "string" &&
+    typeof payload.email === "string" &&
+    (payload.type === "access" || payload.type === "refresh")
+  );
+};
+
+const router = express.Router();
+const prisma = new PrismaClient();
+
+const BOOTSTRAP_USER_ID = "bootstrap-admin";
+const DEFAULT_SYSTEM_CONFIG_ID = "default";
+
+const ensureSystemConfig = async () => {
+  return prisma.systemConfig.upsert({
+    where: { id: DEFAULT_SYSTEM_CONFIG_ID },
+    update: {},
+    create: {
+      id: DEFAULT_SYSTEM_CONFIG_ID,
+      authEnabled: false,
+      registrationEnabled: false,
+      authLoginRateLimitEnabled: true,
+      authLoginRateLimitWindowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000,
+      authLoginRateLimitMax: 20,
+    },
+  });
+};
+
+const ensureAuthEnabled = async (res: Response): Promise<boolean> => {
+  const systemConfig = await ensureSystemConfig();
+  if (!systemConfig.authEnabled) {
+    res.status(404).json({
+      error: "Not found",
+      message: "Authentication is disabled",
+    });
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+type LoginRateLimitConfig = {
+  enabled: boolean;
+  windowMs: number;
+  max: number;
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT: LoginRateLimitConfig = {
+  enabled: true,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000,
+  max: 20,
+};
+
+let loginRateLimitConfig: LoginRateLimitConfig = { ...DEFAULT_LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT };
+let loginAttemptLimiter: ReturnType<typeof rateLimit> | null = null;
+let loginLimiterInitPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
+
+const parseLoginRateLimitConfig = (systemConfig: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof ensureSystemConfig>>): LoginRateLimitConfig => {
+  const enabled = typeof systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitEnabled === "boolean" ? systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitEnabled : DEFAULT_LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT.enabled;
+  const windowMs =
+    Number.isFinite(Number(systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitWindowMs)) && Number(systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitWindowMs) > 0
+      ? Number(systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitWindowMs)
+      : DEFAULT_LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT.windowMs;
+  const max =
+    Number.isFinite(Number(systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitMax)) && Number(systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitMax) > 0
+      ? Number(systemConfig.authLoginRateLimitMax)
+      : DEFAULT_LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT.max;
+  return { enabled, windowMs, max };
+};
+
+const resolveAuthIdentifier = (req: Request): string | null => {
+  const body = (req.body || {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const raw =
+    (typeof body.email === "string" && body.email) ||
+    (typeof body.username === "string" && body.username) ||
+    (typeof body.identifier === "string" && body.identifier) ||
+    null;
+  if (!raw) return null;
+  const trimmed = raw.trim().toLowerCase();
+  return trimmed.length > 0 ? trimmed.slice(0, 255) : null;
+};
+
+const buildLoginAttemptLimiter = (cfg: LoginRateLimitConfig) => {
+  const store = new MemoryStore();
+  const limiter = rateLimit({
+    windowMs: cfg.windowMs,
+    max: cfg.max,
+    message: {
+      error: "Too many requests",
+      message: "Too many login attempts, please try again later",
+    },
+    standardHeaders: true,
+    legacyHeaders: false,
+    validate: {
+      trustProxy: false,
+    },
+    store,
+    keyGenerator: (req) => {
+      const identifier = resolveAuthIdentifier(req as Request);
+      if (identifier) return `login:${identifier}`;
+      const ip = (req as Request).ip || "unknown";
+      return `login-ip:${ip}`;
+    },
+  });
+
+  loginAttemptLimiter = limiter;
+};
+
+const initLoginAttemptLimiter = async () => {
+  const systemConfig = await ensureSystemConfig();
+  loginRateLimitConfig = parseLoginRateLimitConfig(systemConfig);
+  buildLoginAttemptLimiter(loginRateLimitConfig);
+};
+
+const ensureLoginAttemptLimiter = async () => {
+  if (loginAttemptLimiter) return;
+  if (!loginLimiterInitPromise) {
+    loginLimiterInitPromise = initLoginAttemptLimiter().finally(() => {
+      loginLimiterInitPromise = null;
+    });
+  }
+  await loginLimiterInitPromise;
+};
+
+const applyLoginRateLimitConfig = (
+  systemConfig: Pick<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof ensureSystemConfig>>, "authLoginRateLimitEnabled" | "authLoginRateLimitWindowMs" | "authLoginRateLimitMax">
+): LoginRateLimitConfig => {
+  loginRateLimitConfig = parseLoginRateLimitConfig(systemConfig as Awaited<ReturnType<typeof ensureSystemConfig>>);
+  buildLoginAttemptLimiter(loginRateLimitConfig);
+  return loginRateLimitConfig;
+};
+
+const resetLoginAttemptKey = async (identifier: string): Promise<void> => {
+  await ensureLoginAttemptLimiter();
+  const key = `login:${identifier}`;
+  try {
+    await loginAttemptLimiter?.resetKey(key);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
+      console.debug("Rate limit reset skipped:", error);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+const loginAttemptRateLimiter = async (req: Request, res: Response, next: express.NextFunction) => {
+  await ensureLoginAttemptLimiter();
+  if (!loginRateLimitConfig.enabled) return next();
+  return (loginAttemptLimiter as ReturnType<typeof rateLimit>)(req, res, next);
+};
+
+const accountActionRateLimiter = rateLimit({
+  windowMs: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+  max: 60,
+  message: {
+    error: "Too many requests",
+    message: "Too many requests, please try again later",
+  },
+  standardHeaders: true,
+  legacyHeaders: false,
+  validate: {
+    trustProxy: false,
+  },
+});
+
+const generateTempPassword = (): string => {
+  const buf = crypto.randomBytes(18);
+  return buf.toString("base64").replace(/[+/=]/g, "").slice(0, 24);
+};
+
+const findUserByIdentifier = async (identifier: string) => {
+  const trimmed = identifier.trim();
+  if (trimmed.length === 0) return null;
+
+  const looksLikeEmail = trimmed.includes("@");
+  if (looksLikeEmail) {
+    return prisma.user.findUnique({
+      where: { email: trimmed.toLowerCase() },
+    });
+  }
+
+  return prisma.user.findFirst({
+    where: {
+      OR: [{ username: trimmed }, { email: trimmed.toLowerCase() }],
+    },
+  });
+};
+
+const requireAdmin = (
+  req: Request,
+  res: Response
+): req is Request & { user: NonNullable<Request["user"]> } => {
+  if (!req.user) {
+    res.status(401).json({ error: "Unauthorized", message: "User not authenticated" });
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (req.user.role !== "ADMIN") {
+    res.status(403).json({ error: "Forbidden", message: "Admin access required" });
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+const getClientId = (req: Request): string => {
+  const ip = req.ip || req.connection.remoteAddress || "unknown";
+  const userAgent = req.headers["user-agent"] || "unknown";
+  return `${ip}:${userAgent}`.slice(0, 256);
+};
+
+const requireCsrf = (req: Request, res: Response): boolean => {
+  const headerName = getCsrfTokenHeader();
+  const tokenHeader = req.headers[headerName];
+  const token = Array.isArray(tokenHeader) ? tokenHeader[0] : tokenHeader;
+
+  if (!token) {
+    res.status(403).json({
+      error: "CSRF token missing",
+      message: `Missing ${headerName} header`,
+    });
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!validateCsrfToken(getClientId(req), token)) {
+    res.status(403).json({
+      error: "CSRF token invalid",
+      message: "Invalid or expired CSRF token. Please refresh and try again.",
+    });
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+const countActiveAdmins = async () => {
+  return prisma.user.count({
+    where: { role: "ADMIN", isActive: true },
+  });
+};
+
+const generateTokens = (
+  userId: string,
+  email: string,
+  options?: { impersonatorId?: string }
+) => {
+  const signOptions: SignOptions = {
+    expiresIn: config.jwtAccessExpiresIn as StringValue,
+  };
+  const accessToken = jwt.sign(
+    { userId, email, type: "access", impersonatorId: options?.impersonatorId },
+    config.jwtSecret,
+    signOptions
+  );
+
+  const refreshSignOptions: SignOptions = {
+    expiresIn: config.jwtRefreshExpiresIn as StringValue,
+  };
+  const refreshToken = jwt.sign(
+    { userId, email, type: "refresh", impersonatorId: options?.impersonatorId },
+    config.jwtSecret,
+    refreshSignOptions
+  );
+
+  return { accessToken, refreshToken };
+};
+
+const resolveExpiresAt = (expiresIn: string, fallbackMs: number): Date => {
+  const parsed = ms(expiresIn as StringValue);
+  const ttlMs = typeof parsed === "number" && parsed > 0 ? parsed : fallbackMs;
+  return new Date(Date.now() + ttlMs);
+};
+
+const isMissingRefreshTokenTableError = (error: unknown): boolean => {
+  if (error instanceof Prisma.PrismaClientKnownRequestError) {
+    if (error.code === "P2021") {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const message =
+    typeof error === "object" && error && "message" in error
+      ? String((error as any).message)
+      : "";
+  return /no such table:\s*RefreshToken/i.test(message);
+};
+
+const getRefreshTokenExpiresAt = (): Date =>
+  resolveExpiresAt(config.jwtRefreshExpiresIn, 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
+
+registerCoreRoutes({
+  router,
+  prisma,
+  requireAuth,
+  optionalAuth,
+  loginAttemptRateLimiter,
+  ensureAuthEnabled,
+  ensureSystemConfig,
+  findUserByIdentifier,
+  sanitizeText,
+  requireCsrf,
+  isJwtPayload,
+  config,
+  generateTokens,
+  getRefreshTokenExpiresAt,
+  isMissingRefreshTokenTableError,
+  bootstrapUserId: BOOTSTRAP_USER_ID,
+  defaultSystemConfigId: DEFAULT_SYSTEM_CONFIG_ID,
+});
+
+registerAdminRoutes({
+  router,
+  prisma,
+  requireAuth,
+  accountActionRateLimiter,
+  ensureAuthEnabled,
+  ensureSystemConfig,
+  parseLoginRateLimitConfig,
+  applyLoginRateLimitConfig,
+  resetLoginAttemptKey,
+  requireAdmin,
+  findUserByIdentifier,
+  countActiveAdmins,
+  sanitizeText,
+  generateTempPassword,
+  generateTokens,
+  getRefreshTokenExpiresAt,
+  config,
+  defaultSystemConfigId: DEFAULT_SYSTEM_CONFIG_ID,
+});
+
+registerAccountRoutes({
+  router,
+  prisma,
+  requireAuth,
+  loginAttemptRateLimiter,
+  accountActionRateLimiter,
+  ensureAuthEnabled,
+  sanitizeText,
+  config,
+  generateTokens,
+  getRefreshTokenExpiresAt,
+});
+
+export default router;

backend/src/auth/schemas.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+export const registerSchema = z.object({
+  username: z.string().trim().min(3).max(50).optional(),
+  email: z.string().email().toLowerCase().trim(),
+  password: z.string().min(8).max(100),
+  name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(100),
+});
+
+export const loginSchema = z
+  .object({
+    identifier: z.string().trim().min(1).max(255).optional(),
+    email: z.string().email().toLowerCase().trim().optional(),
+    username: z.string().trim().min(1).max(255).optional(),
+    password: z.string(),
+  })
+  .refine((data) => Boolean(data.identifier || data.email || data.username), {
+    message: "identifier/email/username is required",
+  });
+
+export const registrationToggleSchema = z.object({
+  enabled: z.boolean(),
+});
+
+export const adminRoleUpdateSchema = z.object({
+  identifier: z.string().trim().min(1).max(255),
+  role: z.enum(["ADMIN", "USER"]),
+});
+
+export const authEnabledToggleSchema = z.object({
+  enabled: z.boolean(),
+});
+
+export const adminCreateUserSchema = z.object({
+  username: z.string().trim().min(3).max(50).optional(),
+  email: z.string().email().toLowerCase().trim(),
+  password: z.string().min(8).max(100),
+  name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(100),
+  role: z.enum(["ADMIN", "USER"]).optional(),
+  mustResetPassword: z.boolean().optional(),
+  isActive: z.boolean().optional(),
+});
+
+export const adminUpdateUserSchema = z.object({
+  username: z.string().trim().min(3).max(50).nullable().optional(),
+  name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(100).optional(),
+  role: z.enum(["ADMIN", "USER"]).optional(),
+  mustResetPassword: z.boolean().optional(),
+  isActive: z.boolean().optional(),
+});
+
+export const impersonateSchema = z
+  .object({
+    userId: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+    identifier: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+  })
+  .refine((data) => Boolean(data.userId || data.identifier), {
+    message: "userId/identifier is required",
+  });
+
+export const loginRateLimitUpdateSchema = z.object({
+  enabled: z.boolean(),
+  windowMs: z.number().int().min(10_000).max(24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
+  max: z.number().int().min(1).max(10_000),
+});
+
+export const loginRateLimitResetSchema = z.object({
+  identifier: z.string().trim().min(1).max(255),
+});
+
+export const passwordResetRequestSchema = z.object({
+  email: z.string().email().toLowerCase().trim(),
+});
+
+export const passwordResetConfirmSchema = z.object({
+  token: z.string().min(1),
+  password: z.string().min(8).max(100),
+});
+
+export const updateProfileSchema = z.object({
+  name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(100),
+});
+
+export const updateEmailSchema = z.object({
+  email: z.string().email().toLowerCase().trim(),
+  currentPassword: z.string().min(1).max(100),
+});
+
+export const changePasswordSchema = z.object({
+  currentPassword: z.string(),
+  newPassword: z.string().min(8).max(100),
+});
+
+export const mustResetPasswordSchema = z.object({
+  newPassword: z.string().min(8).max(100),
+});

backend/src/config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/**
+ * Configuration validation and environment variable management
+ */
+import dotenv from "dotenv";
+import crypto from "crypto";
+import path from "path";
+
+dotenv.config();
+
+interface Config {
+  port: number;
+  nodeEnv: string;
+  databaseUrl?: string;
+  frontendUrl?: string;
+  jwtSecret: string;
+  jwtAccessExpiresIn: string;
+  jwtRefreshExpiresIn: string;
+  rateLimitMaxRequests: number;
+  csrfMaxRequests: number;
+  csrfSecret: string | null;
+  // Feature flags - all default to false for backward compatibility
+  enablePasswordReset: boolean;
+  enableRefreshTokenRotation: boolean;
+  enableAuditLogging: boolean;
+}
+
+const getOptionalEnv = (key: string, defaultValue: string): string => {
+  return process.env[key] || defaultValue;
+};
+
+const resolveJwtSecret = (nodeEnv: string): string => {
+  const provided = process.env.JWT_SECRET;
+  if (provided && provided.trim().length > 0) {
+    return provided;
+  }
+
+  if (nodeEnv === "production") {
+    throw new Error("Missing required environment variable: JWT_SECRET");
+  }
+
+  const generated = crypto.randomBytes(32).toString("hex");
+  console.warn(
+    "[security] JWT_SECRET is not set (non-production). Using an ephemeral secret; tokens will be invalidated on restart."
+  );
+  return generated;
+};
+
+const parseFrontendUrl = (raw: string | undefined): string | undefined => {
+  if (!raw || raw.trim().length === 0) return undefined;
+  const normalized = raw
+    .split(",")
+    .map((origin) => origin.trim())
+    .filter((origin) => origin.length > 0)
+    .join(",");
+  return normalized.length > 0 ? normalized : undefined;
+};
+
+const resolveDatabaseUrl = (rawUrl?: string) => {
+  const backendRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, "../");
+  const defaultDbPath = path.resolve(backendRoot, "prisma/dev.db");
+
+  if (!rawUrl || rawUrl.trim().length === 0) {
+    return `file:${defaultDbPath}`;
+  }
+
+  if (!rawUrl.startsWith("file:")) {
+    return rawUrl;
+  }
+
+  const filePath = rawUrl.replace(/^file:/, "");
+  const prismaDir = path.resolve(backendRoot, "prisma");
+  const normalizedRelative = filePath.replace(/^\.\/?/, "");
+  const hasLeadingPrismaDir =
+    normalizedRelative === "prisma" || normalizedRelative.startsWith("prisma/");
+
+  const absolutePath = path.isAbsolute(filePath)
+    ? filePath
+    : path.resolve(hasLeadingPrismaDir ? backendRoot : prismaDir, normalizedRelative);
+
+  return `file:${absolutePath}`;
+};
+
+// Ensure DATABASE_URL is resolved before any PrismaClient is created.
+process.env.DATABASE_URL = resolveDatabaseUrl(process.env.DATABASE_URL);
+
+const getOptionalBoolean = (key: string, defaultValue: boolean): boolean => {
+  const value = process.env[key];
+  if (!value) return defaultValue;
+  return value.toLowerCase() === "true" || value === "1";
+};
+
+const getRequiredEnvNumber = (key: string, defaultValue: number): number => {
+  const value = process.env[key];
+  if (!value) return defaultValue;
+  const parsed = Number(value);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid value for environment variable ${key}: must be a positive number`);
+  }
+  return parsed;
+};
+
+export const config: Config = {
+  port: getRequiredEnvNumber("PORT", 8000),
+  nodeEnv: getOptionalEnv("NODE_ENV", "development"),
+  databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
+  frontendUrl: parseFrontendUrl(process.env.FRONTEND_URL),
+  jwtSecret: resolveJwtSecret(getOptionalEnv("NODE_ENV", "development")),
+  jwtAccessExpiresIn: getOptionalEnv("JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRES_IN", "15m"),
+  jwtRefreshExpiresIn: getOptionalEnv("JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRES_IN", "7d"),
+  rateLimitMaxRequests: getRequiredEnvNumber("RATE_LIMIT_MAX_REQUESTS", 1000),
+  csrfMaxRequests: getRequiredEnvNumber("CSRF_MAX_REQUESTS", 60),
+  csrfSecret: process.env.CSRF_SECRET || null,
+  // Feature flags - disabled by default for backward compatibility
+  enablePasswordReset: getOptionalBoolean("ENABLE_PASSWORD_RESET", false),
+  enableRefreshTokenRotation: getOptionalBoolean("ENABLE_REFRESH_TOKEN_ROTATION", false),
+  enableAuditLogging: getOptionalBoolean("ENABLE_AUDIT_LOGGING", false),
+};
+
+// Validate JWT_SECRET strength in production
+if (config.nodeEnv === "production") {
+  if (config.jwtSecret.length < 32) {
+    throw new Error("JWT_SECRET must be at least 32 characters long in production");
+  }
+  if (config.jwtSecret === "your-secret-key-change-in-production") {
+    throw new Error("JWT_SECRET must be changed from default value in production");
+  }
+}
+
+console.log("Configuration validated successfully");